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CDC Issues New Guidelines to Optimize Hospital Sepsis Programs and Save Lives

Clinical laboratory leaders may be aware that many hospitals still do not have capabilities to make a timely diagnosis of sepsis

Despite the fact that “one in three people who dies in a hospital had sepsis during that hospitalization,” recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that many hospitals in the US lack the resources to identify sepsis and begin treatment as soon as possible, CNN reported.

According to the CDC, 1.7 million Americans develop sepsis annually. And of that group, at least 350,000 adults die in hospitals or hospice care centers. Clinical laboratories tasked with performing the plethora of tests needed to diagnose sepsis will agree that it is one of the gravest healthcare dangers patients face.

To address this potentially deadly threat, the CDC developed the “Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements: 2023” to support the implementation of sepsis protocols at all hospitals, to optimize any existing sepsis programs, and to organize staff and identify resources to lower sepsis rates and raise survivability.

“Modeled after CDC’s Core Elements of Antibiotic Stewardship, which has proven to be an impactful resource to protect patients from the harms caused by unnecessary antibiotic use and to combat antimicrobial resistance, the Sepsis Core Elements were created with the expectation that all hospitals, regardless of size and location, would benefit from this resource,” a CDC press release noted.

Raymund Dantes, MD

“CDC’s Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements are a guide for structuring sepsis programs that put your healthcare providers in the best position to rapidly identify and provide effective care for all types of patients with sepsis,” said Raymund Dantes, MD (above), Medical Advisor, National Healthcare Safety Network, CDC, and Associate Professor, Emory University School of Medicine, in a CDC press release. Hospital medical laboratories will play a key role in the success of the CDC’s sepsis program. (Photo copyright: Emory School of Medicine.)

Seven Elements to Improve Sepsis Diagnosis

Sepsis can occur when chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight off an infection produce massive inflammation throughout the body. This potentially fatal reaction can cause a deluge of changes within the body that damage multiple organs, leading them to fail.

The CDC designed its hospital sepsis program to improve and monitor the management and outcomes of patients with sepsis. The core elements of the program include seven main points:

  • Hospital Leadership Commitment: Management must dedicate the necessary staff, financial, and information technology resources.
  • Accountability: Appoint a team responsible for program goals and outcomes.
  • Multi-professional Expertise: Make sure key personnel throughout the healthcare system are engaged in the program.
  • Action: Implement structures and processes to improve the identification of the illness and patient outcomes.
  • Tracking: Develop initiatives to measure sepsis epidemiology, management, overall outcomes, and progress towards established goals.
  • Reporting: Provide information on sepsis management and outcomes to relevant partners.
  • Education: Provide healthcare professionals, patients, and family/caregivers with information on sepsis.

“Sepsis is taking too many lives. One in three people who dies in a hospital has sepsis during that hospitalization. Rapid diagnosis and immediate appropriate treatment, including antibiotics, are essential to saving lives, yet the challenges of awareness about and recognition of sepsis are enormous,” said CDC Director Mandy Cohen, MD, in the CDC press release. “That’s why CDC is calling on all US hospitals to have a sepsis program and raise the bar on sepsis care by incorporating these seven core elements.”

Early Diagnosis Presents Challenges

Sepsis care is complex. The condition requires urgent medical intervention to prevent organ damage and death. But the symptoms, which include fever or low temperature, shivering, confusion, breathing difficulties, extreme body pain or discomfort, high heart rate, weak pulse or low blood pressure, and low urine output, can be general and indicative of other illnesses.

The diagnosis of sepsis usually requires the collection of a blood culture specimen that is then incubated until there is enough bacterial growth to identify the specific strains of bacteria in a particular patient. This process can take several days, which can delay the administering of the most effective treatment for the condition. Treatment usually includes antibiotics and intravenous fluids.

A recent CDC survey of 5,221 US hospitals showed that in 2022, only 73% of hospitals reported having a sepsis program, ranging from 53% among hospitals with less than 25 beds to 95% among hospitals with over 500 beds.

That survey, released in the CDC’s August Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), also discovered that only 55% of all hospitals had personnel with dedicated time to manage and conduct necessary daily activities for a sepsis program. 

Raymund Dantes, MD, Medical Advisor, National Healthcare Safety Network, CDC, and Associate Professor, Emory University School of Medicine, told CNN that as many as 1,400 hospitals have no sepsis program in place at all. Therefore, he added, the CDC’s Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements documents also include a “getting started guide” to help those hospitals create the needed committees.

“For those hospitals that already have sepsis programs underway and have available resources, we have a lot more details and best practices that we’ve collected from hospitals about how to better improve your sepsis programs,” he said. “The seven elements complement clinical guidelines by describing the leadership, expertise, tracking, education, and other elements that can be implemented in a wide variety of hospitals to improve the quality of sepsis care.” 

Hospital Laboratories Play a Key Role in Reducing Sepsis

According to the CDC, anyone can get an infection and almost any infection can lead to sepsis. However, some populations are more vulnerable to sepsis than others. They include:

  • Older persons
  • Pregnant or recently pregnant women
  • Neonates
  • Hospitalized Patients
  • Patients in Intensive Care Units
  • People with weakened immune systems
  • People with chronic medical conditions

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 48.9 million sepsis cases and 11 million sepsis-related deaths worldwide in 2017. This number accounted for almost 20% of all global deaths. Almost half of all the global sepsis cases occurred in children, resulting in 2.9 million deaths in children under the age of five. 

“Sepsis is complex, often difficult to identify, and takes a tremendous societal toll in the United States,” said Steven Simpson, MD, Professor of Medicine at the University of Kansas and Chair, Board of Directors, Sepsis Alliance, a non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness and reducing suffering from sepsis, in a press release. “To tackle the number one killer in American hospitals, we need a comprehensive National Action Plan to find cures, get them in the hands of professionals, and educate the public and professionals alike.”

Hospital medical laboratories can help reduce sepsis by finding ways to support their physicians’ diagnoses of this infection that has taken so many lives.

—JP Schlingman

Related Information:

CDC Launches Effort to Bolster Hospital Sepsis Programs

Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements: 2023

CDC: What is Sepsis?

Sepsis Program Activities in Acute Care Hospitals—National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, 2022

Sepsis Nearly Killed Me. This is What it was Like.

Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements

CDC Launches New Effort Aimed at Strengthening Survival and Recovery Rates for All Sepsis Patients

Sepsis: The Deadly Disease You Might Not Be Familiar With

Sepsis Alliance Reinforces Call for National Sepsis Action Plan as Awareness of the Term Sepsis Dips to 63%

Sepsis Alliance Calls on Biden-Harris Administration for a National Sepsis Action Plan

Hospitals Worldwide Are Deploying Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics Systems for Early Detection of Sepsis in a Trend That Could Help Clinical Laboratories, Microbiologists

Achieving Faster Sepsis Diagnosis in the Emergency Department: Early Experience with the Monocyte Distribution Width (MDW) Marker and Acceptance by ED and ID Physicians

Penn Medicine Study Shows Telemedicine Can Cut Employer Healthcare Costs by 25%

This is good news for clinical laboratories that already perform medical testing for telehealth providers and an opportunity for medical labs that do not, it is an opportunity to do so

Telemedicine visits have become commonplace since the arrival of COVID-19. Before the pandemic, telehealth was primarily used to give remote patients access to quality healthcare providers. But three years later both patients and physicians are becoming increasingly comfortable with virtual office visits, especially among Millennial and Gen Z patients and doctors.

Now, a recent study by the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn Medicine) suggests that there could be a significant financial advantage for hospitals that conduct telemedicine. This would be a boon to clinical laboratories that perform medical testing for telemedicine providers.

According to Digital Health News, in July 2017 Penn Medicine launched a 24/7/365 copayment-free telemedicine program for its employees called Penn Medicine OnDemand. To engage with a telemedicine provider, patients must have a smartphone or tablet with a front-facing camera and updated operating system.

Telemedicine Visits Cost Less than In-Office Doctor Appointments

An analysis of the OnDemand program’s data collected from its inception through the end of 2019 found that the telemedicine appointment per-visit cost averaged around $380, whereas the cost of an in-person visit at an emergency department, primary care office, or urgent care clinic averaged around $493.

Typically, Penn Medicine’s employees used the telemedicine program for common, low risk health complaints. Healthcare conditions that many patients might otherwise not seek treatment for if an in-office visit was inconvenient.

“The data we analyzed pre-date the pandemic. It was a time when people were just putting a toe in the water and wondering, ‘Let me see if telemedicine could treat my needs,’” Krisda Chaiyachati MD, an internal medicine physician and Adjunct Assistant Professor at Penn Medicine, told Digital Health News. Chaiyachati lead the research team that conducted the telemedicine study.

“These days, people seem willing to jump in for an appropriate set of conditions,” he added. “The good news is that we made care easier while saving money, and we think the savings could be higher in the future.”

Chaiyachati and his colleagues found that telemedicine can save employers healthcare costs without sacrificing quality of care.

The Penn Medicine researchers published their findings in The American Journal of Managed Care, titled, “Economics of a Health System’s Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine for Its Employees.”

Krisda Chaiyachati MD

“The conditions most often handled by OnDemand are low acuity—non-urgent or semi-urgent issues like respiratory infections, sinus infections, and allergies—but incredibly common, so any kind of cost reduction can make a huge difference for controlling employee benefit costs,” Krisda Chaiyachati MD (above), a Penn Medicine physician and the study’s lead researcher, told Digital Health News. Clinical laboratories that already perform testing for telemedicine providers may see an increase in test orders once hospitals learn of the costs savings highlighted in the Penn Medicine study. (Photo copyright: Penn Medicine.)

Telemedicine on the Rise

The idea is not new. In late 2018, Planned Parenthood launched the Planned Parenthood Direct mobile app in New York State. The app provides New York patients with access to birth control, emergency contraception, and UTI treatment with no in-person visit required.

The program has since expanded across the country. Users of the app can connect with a physician to go over symptoms/needs, and the be sent a prescription within a business day to the pharmacy of their choice.

The concept is similar to Penn Medicine OnDemand, which gives patients 24/7 year around access to treatment for common and low-acuity medical issues in a convenient, virtual process.  

Telemedicine was on the rise in other parts of the healthcare industry before the pandemic. According to “The State of Telehealth Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic” published by Julia Shaver, MD, Kaiser Permanente, in the journal Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 76% of US hospital systems had utilized some form of telemedicine by 2018. This rate grew exponentially while the healthcare system had to navigate a world with COVID-19 on the rise.

And, apparently, quality of care does not suffer when moved from in-person to virtual settings. Two studies conducted by The University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) found telemedicine to be effective and that “common concerns about telemedicine don’t hold up to scrutiny,” according a news release.

In her New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) paper on the studies, Kathleen Fear, PhD, URMC’s Director of Data Analytics, Health Lab, and her co-authors, wrote: “Three beliefs—that telemedicine will reduce access for the most vulnerable patients; that reimbursement parity will encourage overuse of telemedicine; and that telemedicine is an ineffective way to care for patients—have for years formed the backbone of opposition to the widespread adoption of telemedicine.”

However, URMC’s study found the opposite to be true. The NEJM authors wrote, “there is no support for these three common notions about telemedicine. At URMC, the most vulnerable patients had the highest uptake of telemedicine; not only did they complete a disproportionate share of telemedicine visits, but they also did so with lower no-show and cancellation rates. It is clear that … telemedicine makes medical care more accessible to patients who previously have experienced substantial barriers to care.

“Importantly, this access does not come at the expense of effectiveness. Providers do not order excessive amounts of additional testing to make up for the limitations of virtual visits. Patients do not end up in the ER or the hospital because their needs are not met during a telemedicine visit, and they also do not end up requiring additional in-person follow-up visits to supplement their telemedicine visit,” the NEJM authors concluded.

“Not only did our most vulnerable patients not get left behind—they were among those engaging the most with, and benefiting the most from, telemedicine services. We did not see worse outcomes or increased costs, or patients needing an increased amount of in-person follow up. Nor did we find evidence of overuse. This is good care, and it is equitable care for vulnerable populations,” Fear said in the news release.

“For patients, the message is clear and reassuring: Telemedicine is an effective and efficient way of receiving many kinds of healthcare,” she added.

Opportunities for Clinical Laboratories

Dark Daily has covered the fast growing world of telemedicine in many ebriefs over the years.

In “Two New Definitive Healthcare Surveys Show Use of Inpatient Telehealth is Outpacing Outpatient Telehealth Services,” we covered how medical laboratories could help hospital telehealth physicians in ordering clinical laboratory tests and reviewing test results to ensure selecting the best therapies.

And in “Despite Technical Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic, Healthcare Networks Plan to Increase Investment in Telehealth Technologies,” we reported on a survey which showed that in 2021 more than 50% of hospitals and health systems planned to increase virtual care services within two years, a development that we predicted could change how patients access clinical laboratory testing services. And it has.

As telemedicine broadens its reach across the healthcare world, clinical laboratories and pathology groups would be wise to seek collaboration with health plans and providers of telemedicine to figure out where sample collection and testing fits into this new virtual healthcare space.

Ashley Croce

Related Information:

Telemedicine Visits Cut Health System Employee Care Costs by Nearly 25%

Planned Parenthood’s Mobile App Brings Birth Control Pills and UTI Treatment to New Yorkers’ Doorsteps

The State of Telehealth Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Myths Busted: New Studies Show Telemedicine is Effective, Doesn’t Reduce Access to Care

Two New Definitive Healthcare Surveys Show Use of Inpatient Telehealth is Outpacing Outpatient Telehealth Services

Despite Technical Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic, Healthcare Networks Plan to Increase Investment in Telehealth Technologies

California Doles Out $300 Million in No-Interest Loans to Save its Financially Struggling Hospitals

State’s new program helps ensure local communities have access to a community hospital and its physicians and clinical laboratories

Like phoenixes rising from ashes, a number of bankrupt and shuttered California hospitals have new life due in part to a state-run program offering the healthcare providers interest-free loans. The medical staff in these hospitals—including the clinical laboratories—will be happy to learn that their local communities refused to let their preferred healthcare providers shut down and disappear.

California’s Distressed Hospital Loan Program, operated by the state’s Department of Health Care Access and Information (HCAI) and the California Health Facilities Financing Authority, is making awards of nearly $300 million in no-interest loans to 17 healthcare providers, an HCAI news release announced.

“The program, established through Assembly Bill 112, offers interest-free, working capital loans to nonprofit and publicly operated financially-distressed hospitals, including facilities that belong to integrated healthcare systems with less than three separately licensed hospital facilities,” according to the news release.

This clearly demonstrates that even as both physicians and patient are increasingly comfortable with telehealth consultations—and having their healthcare conditions managed in ambulatory settings—the concept of the community hospital as an essential medical resource continues to motivate local governments and citizens to invest money in money-losing hospitals.

Elizabeth Landsberg

“Today we have provided much needed assistance to community hospitals across the state that desperately need financial help to provide the care their communities need,” said HCAI Director Elizabeth Landsberg (above). “I’m grateful to the legislature for spearheading this effort to help make sure these vital healthcare institutions are fiscally stable so they can continue to provide quality, affordable healthcare for all Californians.” Thanks to these loans, clinical laboratories in these hospitals will continue to perform critical testing for their communities. (Photo copyright: Gilbert Perez/HCAI.)

Providers Get Support with Conditions

Among the 17 healthcare providers receiving loans is Madera Community Hospital, a 106-bed hospital that served a rural area in California’s Central Valley. Madera, which closed in December and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy earlier this year, is one of 17 “troubled hospitals” in California getting a “lifeline,” KFF Health News reported.

Madera will receive a $2 million bridge loan earmarked toward operational costs. It is also eligible for a $50 million loan once Adventist Health, Madera’s intended new administrator, offers up a “comprehensive hospital turnaround plan,” HCAI noted.

“California hospitals face many financial challenges, and for independent rural hospitals, these challenges can sometimes be almost insurmountable,” said Kerry Heinrich, JD, President and CEO of Adventist Health, in a blog post leading up to the state’s announcement of loan awards. “If Madera succeeds in getting the financial resources it needs, Adventist Health will provide Madera Community Hospital with the expertise of a large healthcare system, helping to secure a sustainable future for healthcare in Madera County.”

It’s interesting to note that potential “operators” are watching to see if the hospital or State of California can arrange tens of millions of dollars in loans or other financing before they agree to come in and manage the hospital. 

The Distressed Hospital Loan Program aims to provide “loans (repayable over six years) to not-for-profit hospitals and public hospitals, as defined, in significant financial distress or to governmental entities representing a closed hospital to prevent the closure or facilitate the reopening of a closed hospital,” according to California Assembly Bill 112.

“The hospitals approved for this program have shown a detailed plan for financial recovery, and these funds will help them keep the doors open so they can keep serving their communities,” Fiona Ma, CPA, California State Treasurer, told Cal Matters.

Also receiving financial support is Beverly Hospital, a 202-bed Montebello, California, provider set to be purchased by Adventist Health White Memorial of Los Angeles, Cal Matters reported.

Beverly Hospital received a $5 million bridge loan to use toward operation costs while it is “purchased out of bankruptcy,” HCAI said in the news release.

Another hospital getting a “lifeline” is Hazel Hawkins Memorial in Hollister, California. The 25-bed level IV trauma center will receive a $10 million loan.

Other Ailing Hospitals Getting Interest-free Loans

According to HCAI, the other 14 hospitals receiving loans include:

What Led California’s Hospitals to Financial Hardship? 

According to Cal Matters, hospitals in California are “distressed” due to rising labor costs and inadequate reimbursement from Medicare, Medi-Cal, and commercial insurance.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic had a “staggering” impact on California hospitals’ financial health, Kaufman Hall reported in its April “California Hospital Financial Impact Report.”

The consulting firm’s report also found:

  • One in five California hospitals is at risk of closure due to “an unsustainable combination of negative margins, decreasing cash positions, and increasing debt.”
  • Hospital expenses in 2022 were $23.4 billion over pre-pandemic levels, outpacing revenue increases.
  • Operating income in 2022 was $8.5 billion less than in 2019.

Will Consumer Demand Affect California’s Success?

California’s commitment to its financially struggling hospitals comes amid national trends suggesting physicians and patients—especially younger healthcare consumers—are becoming increasingly comfortable with remote healthcare monitoring and receiving primary care in non-traditional environments, such as retail pharmacies and clinics.

In “Survey Indicates Zoomers and Millennials Are Ready for Pharmacies to Play a Bigger Role in Their Primary Care,” Dark Daily reported how demand for low cost, convenient access to doctors and drugs is driving transformation to decentralized medical care, and how retail pharmacy chains are seeing opportunity in offering primary care services.

Will younger Californian’s demand for low-cost, convenient healthcare render the state’s attempt to rehabilitee its failing hospitals moot? Time will tell. The ongoing financial woes of California hospitals will be watched by hospital-based clinical lab managers and pathologists in other states. That’s because California has a reputation for being first in the nation in attempts to address problems or regulate activity.

Regardless, it’s clear that—at this moment—the state is willing to invest in hospitals with a history of deteriorating financial performance as a way of ensuring access to healthcare for all of its citizens.   

Donna Marie Pocius

Related Information:

California Offers Lifeline to 17 Troubled Hospitals

California Announces $300 Million in Financial Support for Community Hospitals Across the State

Assembly Bill 112

Adventist Health to Manage Madera Community Hospital

California Bails Out Distressed Hospitals, Offers Interest-Free Loans to 17 Troubled Providers

San Benito Health Care District Receives Letter of Intent

California Hospital Financial Impact Report

Survey Indicates Zoomers and Millennials Are Ready for Pharmacies to Play a Bigger Role in Their Primary Care

Chicago Conference Attracts a Sizeable Crowd of Enthusiastic Hospital and Health System Clinical Laboratory Outreach Leaders

Sessions at this annual medical laboratory conference demonstrated that lab outreach continues to be a productive clinical and business line at numerous hospitals and IDNs

Sept. 26-Chicago: During the past 24 months, there have been multiple news stories announcing that different hospitals or integrated delivery networks (IDNs) had signed agreements to sell their clinical laboratory outreach businesses to one of the two multi-billion-dollar commercial lab corporations. Some Wall Street analysts have taken these lab outreach acquisitions as a sign that hospitals are struggling to compete in the outreach laboratory marketplace. They predict that the big commercial labs will continue to scoop up hospital laboratory outreach businesses at a brisk pace.

However, this may be an example of popular wisdom not reflecting the true state of the outpatient/outreach market for clinical laboratory testing services. Evidence of the contrary view—that many hospitals and IDNs have flourishing lab outreach programs—was in plain view last week here in the Windy City.

Last Tuesday and Wednesday, Mayo Clinic Laboratories presented its 33rd annual “Leveraging the Laboratory: Dimensions of Outreach” conference at the Intercontinental Hotel on Chicago’s Magnificent Mile. It was a sold-out event with about 150 attendees. Organizers said this was the largest attendance at this lab outreach meeting in the past 10 years.

Group at outreach conference

During last week’s “Leveraging the Laboratory” outreach conference in Chicago, produced by Mayo Clinic Laboratories, the individuals pictured above each presented different aspects of success in operating an effective hospital clinical laboratory outreach program. Front row top to bottom they are Henry Givray, Leadership’s Calling; Brianne Newton, Mayo Clinic Laboratories; Nilesh Kachalia, Yuma Medical Center; Trudie Milner, PhD, Yuma Regional Medical Center. And rear row top to bottom: Robert Michel, The Dark Report; Tony Bull, Medical University of South Carolina; Nicholas Rambow, Corewell Health; Jane Hermansen, Mayo Clinic Laboratories; Ellen Dijkman Dulkes, Mayo Clinic Laboratories. (Photo copyright: The Dark Report.)

Optimism was High at Mayo’s Lab Outreach Conference

Throughout the two days of the conference, there was enthusiasm for the viability of hospital laboratory outreach programs. There was also optimism that these local and regional outreach businesses will continue to be profitable and can support better patient care. Had any of the Wall Street analysts been in attendance, they would have heard the other side of the coin about the profitability and viability of hospital laboratory outreach programs—a story documented by the presentations of different hospital and IDNs that operate flourishing lab outreach programs.

“What makes this meeting unique is that it is the longest-running and biggest conference devoted to best practices in hospital and health system laboratory outreach programs,” said Jane Hermansen, Manager, Outreach and Network Development at Mayo Clinic Laboratories. “There are signs that increased integration within multi-hospital health systems requires a common lab test menu with consistent methodologies and reference ranges.

“During the conference, we heard many participants describe one part of their lab testing services to office-based physicians as ‘inreach’ when it involves employed providers of the parent health system,” she continued. “This is evidence that health system administration recognizes the value of a full longitudinal lab test record for their patients—whether from inpatient, inreach, or outreach testing.

“As well, this year’s exceptionally large attendance shows that hospital-based labs across the United States are forging ahead with their lab outreach services in ways that generate many benefits,” Hermansen noted. “The most important is to help physicians deliver better care to patients. At the same time, the added test volumes from a productive hospital laboratory outreach program improves the productivity of the laboratory while generating much needed income that helps that lab’s parent organization.”

Day one of this two-day event featured presentations about successful hospital laboratory outreach programs. Speakers included:

Day two was organized around hands-on workshops that addressed the management, operational, financial, and sales/marketing elements that make up a growing, dynamic hospital laboratory outreach business. Attendees were fully engaged in these sessions as they learned best practices. Innovations and clever approaches to increasing physician and patient satisfaction were shared during peer-to-peer exchanges.

Local Clinical Laboratories Serving their Communities

Hospital laboratories are uniquely positioned to deliver value to the physicians and other providers in the towns and regions they served. The obvious benefit is that the lab, its employees, and its clinical pathologists all live in the community. They have professional relationships that may go back decades with the physicians who order medical laboratory tests for their patients.

These local hospital labs can report many test results on the same day that they get the specimens from the doctors’ offices. Another benefit for those physicians and patients is that when a hospital lab performs all the tests originated in inpatient, outreach, and outpatient settings, it has a full longitudinal record of a patient’s lab test results, which often covers years of testing. This is important when patients show up in specialists’ offices or hospital emergency departments. Physicians in these settings can see all of the patient’s lab test history, and the tests are performed with the same methodology and have the same reference ranges.

Ways to Differentiate Hospital Laboratory Outreach Services

Hospital and health system laboratory outreach programs have multiple ways to differentiate their lab testing services. During his presentation, Tony Bull, System Administrative Officer, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, provided the following list of different benefits that a lab outreach program can offer to local physicians, patients, and consumers:

  • Ease of access
  • Patient experience
  • Couriers
  • Pricing
  • Payer contracts
  • Customer service
  • Marketing and sales
  • Physician perception

One point of competitive advantage the speakers emphasized was the outreach laboratory’s access to lab test data. When lab data is combined with patient demographics and other sets of data, an outreach laboratory can develop clinically actionable intelligence that helps physicians and health insurers improve patient care, while lowering the total cost of care. When packaged correctly, these enriched data offerings can generate a new source of revenue for lab outreach programs.

Given the tough finances experienced by health systems and hospitals across the United States in recent years, it’s notable that the attendees at Mayo Clinic Laboratories’ “Leveraging the Laboratory” conference reported positive growth and profitable results from their laboratory outreach programs.

That’s solid evidence that there continues to be an opportunity for pathologists and clinical laboratory leaders of IDNs to ramp up their laboratory outreach businesses to win new client-physicians and produce additional cash flow for their labs.  

—Michael McBride

Related Information:

Mayo Clinic Laboratories’ “Leveraging the Laboratory: Dimensions of Outreach” Conference Will Be Held Sept. 26–27, 2023, in Chicago

Hospital Laboratory Outreach: Benefits and Planning

Leveraging the Laboratory: A Community Focus

Dimensions of Lab Outreach

Mayo Clinic Laboratories’ 33rd Outreach Conference

Video Podcast: Leveraging the Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Laboratories

Understanding Gen Z’s Approach to Healthcare Helps Clinical Laboratories Learn How to Better Meet Their Needs

Healthcare providers of all types will benefit from acknowledging Gen Z’s preference for digital interactions, self-testing, and over-the-counter medications

Each generation has its own unique connection to how it manages its health, and the latest studies into the healthcare habits of Generation Z (aka, Gen Z or Zoomers) are providing valuable insight that savvy clinical laboratory managers and pathologists—in fact all healthcare providers—can use to better serve their Gen Z patients.

According to McKinsey and Company, Gen Z’s “identity has been shaped by the digital age, climate anxiety, a shifting financial landscape, and COVID-19.” And Pew Research states that Zoomers “are also digital natives who have little or no memory of the world as it existed before smartphones.”

As the largest demographic, “Gen Z stands 2.6 billion members strong. … Globally, they hold purchasing power of more than $500 billion and mobile buying power of $143 billion,” wrote Stacy Rapacon, Managing Editor at Senior Executive Media, in an article she penned for HP’s The Garage.

Meeting Gen Zers’ healthcare needs on their terms would seem to be a judicious choice.

Bernhard Schroeder

“Gen-Z’s buying power may exceed $3 trillion,” wrote Bernhard Schroeder (above), a clinical lecturer on integrated/online marketing at San Diego State University, in Forbes. “Their spending ability exceeds the gross domestic product of all but about 25 of the world’s countries.” Thus, it behooves healthcare leaders, including clinical laboratory managers and pathologists, to consider how best to approach treating Gen Z patients. (Photo copyright: San Diego State University.)

Gen Z Leads in Digital Healthcare Use, Self-testing, OTC Drugs

“Gen Z engages in every type of digital healthcare activity more than other generations,” a recent study by PYMNTS noted. A total of 2,735 consumers were surveyed, and though all reported using digital healthcare to some degree, Gen Z stood out.

Patient portal access was the highest digital method accessed by Zoomers (62%), followed by telemedicine appointment usage (55%), the PYMNTS report found.

Knowing the direction Gen Z is trending may lead clinical laboratory leaders to expect self-testing to be on the rise, and that hunch would be correct. “There are two converging trends; the rise of women’s health technology and increased use of at-home sample collection for diagnosis tests,” Clinical Lab Products reported.

“Ongoing innovation in these areas could significantly improve the accessibility of women’s health testing. It will also have repercussions for labs, potentially changing the way samples are received and processed, and the way results are distributed. The quantity and quality of samples may be impacted, too. It’s important for labs to be aware of likely developments so they can prepare, and potentially collaborate with the health technology companies driving change,” CLP noted.

Another area feeling the impact of Gen Z’s healthcare spending is the over-the-counter (OTC) drug market.

“Since the pandemic began, more Americans are paying closer attention to their symptoms and looking for easily accessible information about over-the-counter medications, especially for allergies, coughs, and headaches,” said Kim Castro, Editor and Chief Content Officer for US News and World Report, in a press release.

Zoomers Want Healthcare on Their Own Terms

Gen Z grew up with the internet, Amazon, Netflix, Google, and social media since birth.

“The ‘norm’ they experienced as children was a world that operated at speed, scale, and scope. They developed an early facility with powerful digital tools that allowed them to be self-reliant as well as collaborative,” anthropologist Roberta Katz, PhD, a senior research scholar at Stanford’s Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) told Stanford News.

As digital natives, Gen Z can be more science and data driven and yet still expect to find health advice on YouTube or TikTok. According to an article published by Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare, “Gen Z is the first generation to grow up surrounded by digital devices, and they expect their health benefits to be digital, too. From choosing a benefits package to finding a provider, Gen Z wants to take care of their health on their own terms. And that may just include video chatting with a doctor from the back of an Uber.”

In its 2022 US Digital Health Survey, research firm Insider Intelligence found that “Half of Gen Z adults turn to social media platforms for health-related purposes, either all the time or often.”

“Gen-Z will make up 31% of the world’s population by 2021 and they have deeply formed perceptions and beliefs … This has led to an amazing change in the way Gen-Z is disrupting several industries simultaneously,” wrote Bernhard Schroeder (above), a clinical lecturer on integrated/online marketing at San Diego State University, in Forbes.

What Can Clinical Laboratories Learn from These Findings

Gen Z seeks accuracy and trustworthy information. “Gen-Zers’ natural penchant for skepticism and frugality—coupled with low levels of confidence in the US healthcare system—makes them less likely to trust providers, more likely to research prices before seeking care, and more apt to worry that their health insurance won’t cover their treatment,” Insider Intelligence noted.

According to Contract Pharma, “Gen Z is concerned with holistic health and self-care, rather than a one size fits all pharmaceutical approach. They share a hesitancy for traditional healthcare models but with very interesting differences. By understanding these differences, the consumer healthcare industry can focus on agile and distinctive brands to harness Gen Z’s tremendous purchasing power.”

Savvy clinical laboratory leaders can better serve their Gen-Z client physicians and patients by better understanding why Zoomers are more inclined to order their own lab tests (without a physician), collect their own specimens to send into labs, and/or collect their own specimens to do home testing (think COVID-19 self-test kits). Zoomers may need an entirely new business model from their healthcare providers, including clinical laboratories.

Kristin Althea O’Connor

Related Information:

What is Gen Z?

On the Cusp of Adulthood and Facing an Uncertain Future: What We Know about Gen Z So Far

How Gen Z is Redefining Their World through Technology

Gen Z Is ‘Generation Digital Health’ as 62% Use Digital Patient Portals

What Self-Sampling for Women’s Health Testing Means for Labs

US News Top Recommended Over-the-Counter Health Products

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